These films focus on the unstable nature of human perception. They often employ unreliable narrators, where the audience sees the world through a character whose memory, sanity, or honesty is compromised. This creates a specific gap between what the protagonist believes and what is actually happening, forcing the viewer to act as a detective to find the truth.
The primary goal is to evoke a sense of unease or dread rather than sudden shock. By manipulating expectations and withholding key information, filmmakers build a slow-burning tension that culminates in a revelation. This structure turns the movie into a narrative puzzle where the solution is often a devastating psychological truth about the human condition.